The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) is a global study conducted by the GEM consortium with the aim of collecting internationally comparative primary data on entrepreneurial activity and its related concepts. The study aims to generate globally comparative data to understand entrepreneurial activity. This would help identify factors determining national levels of entrepreneurial activity, as well as policies aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial activity. It measures entrepreneurship through surveys and interviews of field experts conducted by the teams in the respective countries. The GEM survey generates various relevant primary data on different aspects of entrepreneurship and provides harmonised measures about individuals’ attributes and their activities in different phases of venturing (from nascent to start-up, established business, and discontinuation).

The GEM Report 2022–2023 throws light on entrepreneurial activities in India. The report also highlights the recovery of entrepreneurial activities in India from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The GEM India study was conducted using a well-established GEM research methodology that is consistent across all participating countries, thus enabling cross-country comparison. The APS was conducted among 2610 samples and provided information regarding the level of entrepreneurial activity in the country based on the conditions of the national framework. In contrast, the NES was conducted with 72 national experts. The NES focuses on the entrepreneurial start-up ecosystem in India with regard to nine entrepreneurial framework conditions (EFCs).

For the detailed findings of the study, the report can be downloaded by clicking this link (14 MB)

Year of publication: 2024
Category: National Reports
Language: English
Upload date: 10th January 2024

The 2021-22 GEM Report completes its 23 years of measuring entrepreneurship-related activities. It measures entrepreneurship activities and ecosystem through surveys and interviews of various field experts, conducted by the teams in respective countries. The GEM survey generates a variety of relevant, primary information on different aspects of entrepreneurship and provides harmonised measures about individuals’ attributes and their activities in different phases of venturing (from nascent to start-up to established business and to discontinuation).

The GEM Report 2021–2022 throws light on entrepreneurial trends and practices amidst changing business and the impact of COVID-19 on entrepreneurial activities in the country. The GEM India study was conducted using a well-established GEM research methodology that is consistent across all participating countries, thus enabling cross-country comparison. The Adult Population Survey (APS) was conducted among 3252 samples and provides information regarding the level of entrepreneurial activity in the country based on the national framework conditions, whereas the National Expert Survey (NES) was conducted on 72 national experts with an average work experience of 10 years. The NES focuses on entrepreneurial start-up eco-system in India with regard to nine entrepreneurial framework conditions (EFCs).

For the detailed findings of the study, the report can be downloaded by clicking this link (42.2 Mb)

Year of publication: 2022
Category: National Reports
Language: English
Upload date: 27 January 2023

The 2020-21 GEM Report completes its 22 years of measuring entrepreneurship-related activities. It measures entrepreneurship activities and ecosystem through surveys and interviews of various field experts, conducted by the teams in respective countries. The GEM survey generates a variety of relevant, primary information on different aspects of entrepreneurship and provides harmonised measures about individuals’ attributes and their activities in different phases of venturing (from nascent to start-up to established business and to discontinuation).
The GEM Report 2020-21 throws light on entrepreneurial trends and practises amidst changing business and economic contours including impact of COVID-19 Pandemic. We express gratitude to the Centre for Research in Entrepreneurship Education and Development (CREED) for providing financial support for this project. The GEM India Team has been constantly putting in efforts to research the ways and means that could bolster the entrepreneurship scenario so that the entrepreneurs, the lifeblood of economies, continue to perform a potent role.For the detailed findings of the study, the report can be downloaded by clicking this link (17.3 Mb).

Year of publication: 2021
Category: National Reports
Language: English
Upload date: 4 December 2021

GEM global entrepreneurship survey completed 21 years in (2019–21). GEM survey gathers the most relevant and first-hand information on different aspects of entrepreneurship. It also provides harmonised measures for individual attributes and tracks different entrepreneurship stages (from nascent to start-up to established business and discontinuation). The GEM India survey (2018–19) covers a wide population and highlights entrepreneurial attitudes, activity, motivation level of 4165 adults, nascent entrepreneurs, existing entrepreneurs, and an expert viewpoint for the existing ecosystem in the country. This is the fifth country report (India) and data is collected in two different phases: Adult population Survey (APS) and National Experts Survey (NES). In the year 2018–19, A total of 4165 adults from different Indian regions have participated in APS. Similarly, NES data is collected from the experts in the entrepreneurship, economics, finance, investments, education, legal aspects, research and development, technology, start-ups and SMEs. In this survey, more than 72 experts are interviewed to obtain the required information. The number of experts is higher than the minimum (36) required for the survey each year as given in the Global GEM methodology. For the detailed findings of the study, the report can be downloaded by clicking this link (26.2 Mb). Year of publication: 2021 Category: National Reports Language: English Upload date: 19 August 2021

GEM global entrepreneurship survey completed 20 years in (2018–19). GEM survey gathers the most relevant and first-hand information on different aspects of entrepreneurship. It also provides harmonised measures for individual attributes and tracks different entrepreneurship stages (from nascent to start-up to established business and discontinuation). The GEM India survey (2018–19) covers a wide population and highlights entrepreneurial attitudes, activity, motivation level of 4165 adults, nascent entrepreneurs, existing entrepreneurs, and an expert viewpoint for the existing ecosystem in the country. This is the fifth country report (India) and data is collected in two different phases: Adult population Survey (APS) and National Experts Survey (NES). In the year 2018–19, A total of 4165 adults from different Indian regions have participated in APS. Similarly, NES data is collected from the experts in the entrepreneurship, economics, finance, investments, education, legal aspects, research and development, technology, start-ups and SMEs. In this survey, more than 72 experts are interviewed to obtain the required information. The number of experts is higher than the minimum (36) required for the survey each year as given in the Global GEM methodology.

For the detailed findings of the study, the report can be downloaded by clicking this link (26.2 Mb).

Year of publication: 2020
Category: National Reports
Language: English
Upload date: 19 August 2020

The 2017-18 GEM Report completes its 19 years of measuring entrepreneurship-related activities. The study had a noble mission of generating globally-comparative data of the entrepreneurial activity. It helped identify factors determining national levels of entrepreneurial activity as well as policies aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial activity. It measures entrepreneurship through surveys and interviews of various field experts, conducted by the teams at respective countries. The GEM survey generates a variety of relevant, primary information on different aspects of entrepreneurship and provides harmonised measures about individuals’ attributes and their activities in different phases of venturing (from nascent to start-up to established business and to discontinuation). The GEM Report 2017-18 covers results based on 54 economies completing the Adult Population Survey (APS) and the National Expert Survey (NES). The report provides insights into entrepreneurial activities in India. The GEM India study was conducted using a well-established GEM research methodology, consistent across all participating countries, thus enabling a cross-country comparison. The APS was conducted with 4000 respondents. Questions were based on generating information regarding the level of entrepreneurial activity in this country based on the national framework conditions, whereas, the NES was conducted on 72 national experts. The NES in India focuses on the entrepreneurial ecosystem, and with regard to the nine entrepreneurial framework conditions.

For the detailed findings of the study, the report can be downloaded by clicking this link (33.5 Mb).

Year of publication: 2019
Category: National Reports
Language: English
Upload date: 21 January 2019

The GEM Report 2016-17 completes its 18 years of measuring entrepreneurship-related activities. The study has a noble mission of generating globally comparative data of the entrepreneurial activity. It helps identify factors determining national levels of entrepreneurial activity as well as policies aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial activity. It measures entrepreneurship through surveys and interviews of various field experts, conducted by the teams in their respective countries. The GEM survey generates a variety of relevant, primary information on different aspects of entrepreneurship and provides harmonised measures about individuals’ attributes and their activities in different phases of venturing (from nascent to start-up to established business and to discontinuation). The GEM Report 2016-17 covers results based on 64 economies completing the Adult Population Survey (APS) and 65 economies completing the National Expert Survey (NES). The report provides insights into entrepreneurial activities in India. The GEM India study was conducted using a well-established GEM research methodology, consistent across all participating countries, thus enabling a cross-country comparison. The APS was conducted among 3,400 samples, which provided information regarding the level of entrepreneurial activity in their country, based on the national framework conditions, whereas the NES was conducted on 72 national experts. The NES in India focused on the entrepreneurial ecosystem, also with regard to the nine entrepreneurial framework conditions.

For the detailed findings of the study, the report can be downloaded by clicking this link (25.5 Mb).

Year of publication: 2018
Category: National Reports
Language: English
Upload date: 13 March 2018

In 2015/16, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) study completes 17 years of the journey to create knowledge on entrepreneurship around the world. The study has a noble mission to generate globally comparative data to understand the entrepreneurial activity. This would help identify factors determining national levels of entrepreneurial activity, as well as policies aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial activity. It measures entrepreneurship through surveys and interviews of field experts conducted by the teams in the respective countries. The GEM survey generates a variety of relevant primary information on different aspects of entrepreneurship and provides harmonised measures about individuals’ attributes and their activities in different phases of venturing (from nascent to start-up, established business, and discontinuation). This 2015/16 GEM report covers results based on 60 economies completing the Adult Population Survey (APS) and 62 economies completing the National Expert Survey (NES). The present report provides insights into entrepreneurial activities in India. The GEM India study was conducted using a well-established GEM research methodology that is consistent across all participating countries, thus enabling cross-country comparison. The APS was conducted among 3,413 samples and provides information regarding the level of entrepreneurial activity in the country based on the national framework conditions, whereas the NES was conducted on 72 national experts with an average age of 41 years. The NES focuses on entrepreneurial start-up environment in India with regard to nine entrepreneurial framework conditions (EFCs). For the detailed findings of the study,

For the detailed findings of the study, the report can be downloaded by clicking this link (16.9 Mb).

Year of publication: 2017
Category: National Reports
Language: English
Upload date: 24 July 2017

GEM Study 2014 found that in India,4.1 per cent of adults are “nascent entrepreneurs” (actively involved in setting up a business), while 2.5 per cent are “new business owners” (in operation for more than 3 months but less than 42 months). Combining both these rates gives us the Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) rate, meaning that 6.6 per cent of the Indian adult population—or 1 in every 14 adults—is engaged in some form of early-stage entrepreneurial activity. The National Experts’ Survey reveals while the Indian economy is dynamic and the overall business climate good, there is a need to develop entrepreneurship on the margins of society to achieve inclusive growth. Furthermore, to improve levels of business sustainability, systems of entrepreneurial education, training, and development must be put into place. Comparing the perceptions among male and female respondents, fear of failure, which prevents individuals from starting a business, is similar (51% for males and 48% for females). However, female respondents have lower scores on perceived capabilities (43%) and perceived opportunities (41%) than their male counterpart.

For the detailed findings of the study, the report can be downloaded by clicking this link (8.25 Mb).

Year of publication: 2016
Category: National Reports
Language: English
Upload date: 12 March 2016

Entrepreneurship in India is a less desirable career choice when compared to BRIC and factor-driven economies. This, despite the fact that the recognition of entrepreneurship on the parameters of ‘high status’ and ‘media attention’ is not far below the figures of BRIC countries. While comparing regions, Western India comes across as more favorable toward entrepreneurship.While South and North India fare closer to average, Eastern India shows a conservative attitude toward entrepreneurship. In the GEM India Report 2013, the Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) is 9.9% for India. Indian TEA rate is lower than the average of efficiency-driven nations. In fact, India has the lowest TEA rate after Algeria, among all factor-driven economies (21%). The rate of business discontinuance is anticipated to be the highest in factor-driven economies. However, India’s entrepreneurial exit rate is the second lowest among all GEM countries, which is indeed a positive factor.

For the detailed findings of the study, the report can be downloaded by clicking this link (6.71 Mb).

Year of publication: 2015
Category: National Reports
Language: English
Upload date: 15 May 2015